In which case is a volunteer healthcare provider protected from civil liability?

A volunteer healthcare provider is granted protection from civil liability in various circumstances, and the correct answer encompasses all relevant situations.

Firstly, when a volunteer commits an act while providing services, there is often a legal framework that protects them. This is especially true in emergency situations where volunteers may respond without a prior patient relationship, minimizing their liability as their intent is to provide aid.

Secondly, the protection also applies when the services rendered fall within the scope of the provider's license. This means that if a licensed healthcare professional engages in activities they are qualified to perform, they can further shield themselves from liability as long as their actions are compliant with regulatory standards.

Lastly, a written acknowledgment from the patient can bolster the protection for the volunteer provider. Such documentation signifies that the patient is aware of the circumstances and potential limitations of care, which can help to mitigate claims of negligence.

Thus, all these aspects contribute to the overall legal protection provided to volunteer healthcare providers, validating the selection of the comprehensive option that includes all scenarios.